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Análisis de actividades productivas en familias rurales del municipio de Zinacantán, Chiapas. Colegio de Postgraduados
Leep Roblero, Juan Carlos.
El estudio tiene el propósito de analizar las actividades productivas en familias rurales del municipio de Zinacantán, Chiapas. Se fundamenta en áreas de participación del desarrollo comunitario.La metodología utilizada incluye técnicas de investigación cualitativa: observación directa y participativa, entrevistas a informantes claves y opinión de encuestados; la información se obtuvo a través de un cuestionario aplicado a 92 jefes de familia. El análisis de datos se realizó con estadística descriptiva apoyada en el programa Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), distribución de frecuencias, coeficientes de correlación de Pearson, comparación de medias, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. El estudio muestra que hay escasa organización,...
Palavras-chave: Comunidad; Familias rurales; Producción de flores; Community; Rural families; Flower production; Desarrollo rural; Maestría.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2002
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Anuran species in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in an urban area Pap. Avulsos de Zool. (São Paulo)
Mageski,Marcio Marques; Silva-Soares,Thiago; Duca,Charles; Santos,Débora Cristina Baptista Medeiros de Oliveira; Jesus Filho,Paulo Roberto de; Costa,Larissa Corteletti da; Clemente-Carvalho,Rute Beatriz Garcia.
Abstract Forest fragments in urban areas have many habitat resources that frogs use for refuge, reproduction and growth. Knowledge of an anuran assembly is the first step towards understanding the importance of these forest fragments in areas highly threatened by anthropogenic actions. We sampled anurans during the day and night from November 2012 to August 2013 through visual and acoustic surveys. We found 333 individuals belonging to 19 species. The highest richness and abundance were recorded in January whereas the lowest richness and abundance were recorded in June. Most species were found in open areas. Our results highlight the importance of well-studied urban fragments for the anuran community. The conservation of these habitats may ensure the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Community; Habitat loss; Refuge; Conservation.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492018000100215
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Anurans from two high-elevation areas of Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rev. Bras. Zool.
Siqueira,Carla C; Vrcibradic,Davor; Dorigo,Thiago A; Rocha,Carlos F. D.
The anurofauna inhabiting higher montane Atlantic forest areas in southeastern Brazil, which often attain heights of more than 2000 m, is still insufficiently known. In this study, we present data on anuran species composition and abundances in two high-altitude (i.e. > 1000 m) sites within the Parque Estadual dos Três Picos (PETP), in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Field surveys were done at altitudes between 1100 and 1900 m above sea level. We recorded 35 species during our study, adding 22 records to the set of anuran species previously known to occur within the PETP. The stability of the species accumulation curve, as well as the richness estimations, showed that the sampling methodology employed and the total sampling effort were appropriate to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Altitude; Amphibian; Community; Serra dos Órgãos mountains; Species richness.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702011000400007
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Anurans of a riparian forest in Sao Carlos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil Biota Neotropica
Sabbag,Ariadne Fares; Zina,Juliana.
We surveyed anuran amphibians in a riparian forest fragment of the Córrego do Espraiado, located at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Municipality of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. During March 2009 and February 2010 we did weekly surveys in which we recorded 13 anuran species. The species showed a seasonal reproductive activity. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the number of reproductively active species and photoperiod. We also found that the studied community was more similar to those of transitional areas between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado than those of the nearby Cerrado fragments.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibia; Ecology; Community; Transition zone; Cerrado; Atlantic forest.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032011000300015
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Assembly rules in Muscid Fly assemblages in the grasslands Biome of Southern Brazil Neotropical Entomology
Krüger,Rodrigo F; Carvalho,Claudio J B de; Ribeiro,Paulo B.
The distribution of muscid species (Diptera) in grasslands fragments of southern Brazil was assessed using null models according to three assembly rules: (a) negatively-associated distributions; (b) guild proportionality; and (c) constant body-size ratios. We built presence/absence matrices and calculated the C-score index to test negatively-associated distributions and guild proportionality based on the following algorithms: total number of fixed lines (F L), total number of fi xed columns (F C), and the effect of the average size of the populations along lines (W) for 5000 randomizations. We used null models to generate random communities that were not structured by competition and evaluated the patterns generated using three models: general, trophic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Community; Competition; Diptera; Muscidae; Niche theory; Null model.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2010000300006
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Assessment of indicator trends related to exploited demersal fish populations and communities in the Mediterranean ArchiMer
MEDITS.
Since 1994, Mediterranean research organisations have carried out yearly standardized bottom trawl surveys along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltar to the Aegean Sea (Medits surveys). A dynamic indicator-based approach to the assessment of multi-stock fisheries has been applied to the data series obtained from these surveys by an international working group involving all the scientific teams contributing to the data collection process. The application was done according to the 13 GFCM geographical sub-areas sampled by the Medits surveys. While reference points for a lot of fished populations and community indicators are seldom available, reference directions are well established for some indicators, giving guidelines for fishery management....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mediterranean; Bottom trawl survey; Community; Fish population; Indicator.
Ano: 2007 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/rapport-2198.pdf
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Bioeconomic Model of Community Incentives for Wildlife Management Before and After CAMPFIRE AgEcon
Fischer, Carolyn; Muchapondwa, Edwin; Sterner, Thomas.
This paper formulates a bioeconomic model to analyze community incentives for wildlife management under benefit-sharing programs like the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) in Zimbabwe. Two agents influence the wildlife stock: a parks agency determines hunting quotas, and a local community chooses to either aid or discourage outside poachers. Wildlife generates revenues from hunting licenses and tourism; it also intrudes on local agriculture. We consider two benefit-sharing regimes: shares of wildlife tourism rents and shares of hunting licenses. Resource sharing does not necessarily improve community welfare or incentives for wildlife conservation. Results depend on the exact design of the benefit shares, the size of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic; CAMPFIRE; Community; Poaching; Wildlife; Benefit sharing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H41; Q20.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10717
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Bird community as an indicator of biodiversity: results from quantitative surveys in Brazil Anais da ABC (AABC)
VIELLIARD,JACQUES M. E..
This short review presents the results obtained in several localities of Brazil on the composition of forest bird communities. Data were collected since the late 80's, after we introduced a new methodology of quantitative survey, based on acoustic identification and unlimited-radius point census. Although these data are still scattered, they show uniquely precise and coherently comparative patterns of composition of forest bird communities. Our methodology has the advantage of being absolutely non-disturbing, highly efficient in the field and immediately processed. Results confirm that the structure of a bird community is a good indicator of biodiversity, particularly useful where biodiversity is high. Many of these data are available only in unpublished...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Birds; Community; Census; Brazil; Biodiversity; Conservation.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652000000300006
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Cartographie synthétique et analyse des peuplements benthiques sur deux secteurs du littoral français "Manche-Est" et "Loire-Gironde" ArchiMer
Blanchard, Michel; Heim, Marie; Rozec, Xavier; Caisey, Xavier.
This document presents a synthetic study of benthos in two large areas of the French coast: East-Channel and the area between Loire and Gironde. This original synthesis stocktakes biotopes maps published for the vast majority in the 70’s. The report uses the previous descriptions and analysis done by the different authors, and translates them with present specific names or biotopes codes, as proposed in the European EUNIS referring system. The presented maps are standardized and referred geographically with WGS84 to be collated together. For each biotope, specific richness and ecological richness are analysed, thanks to the information given by the various authors. Some informative cards of the main representative species are also presented in the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Benthos; Peuplement; Cartographie; Littoral français; Manche Est; Bretagne sud; Vendée; Pertuis charentais; Golfe de Gascogne; Benthos; Community; Cartography; French coast; East Channel; Southern Brittany; Vendée; Pertuis charentais; Bay of Biscay.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00003/11434/7983.pdf
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Comments on plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions in two cerrado areas of Southern Brazil Zoologia
Caldas,Astrid; Passos,Fernando de C..
This work describes some interactions between lepidopteran larvae and braconid parasitoids on a group of plants at two sites. There was no significant difference in parasitoid diversity between the sites (Shannon index, p<0.05), and similarity was 62.5%, estimated through Sorensen's index. The diversity of hosts was also not different (p<0.05), but the similarity of host diversity was only 28.5%. This suggests that the parasitoids have strategies for maintaining similar reproduction rates, population densities and communities in areas with different potential hosts.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Braconidae; Diversity; Community; Lepidoptera; Similarity.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751996000200010
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Community ecology in bees: relative importance of rare and common species in some Holarctic and Neotropical sites Zoologia
Laroca,Sebastião.
Data on relative importance of rare and common bee species in some holarctic and neotropical limited sites are presented. The density distribution patterns in samples from all analyzed assemblages is characterized by a relatively large number of species represented by few individuals and few species with large number of individuals, as in most animal communities.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Ecology; Community; Neotropical-bees; Holarctic-bees.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751992000100014
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Community-acquired pneumonia at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre: evaluation of a care protocol BJID
Mocelin,Clei Angelo; Santos,Rodrigo Pires dos.
To assess the adequacy of medical prescriptions for community-acquired pneumonia at the emergency department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, we conducted a prospective cohort study, from January through April 2011. All patients with suspected pneumonia were selected from the first prescription of antimicrobials held in the emergency room. Patients with a description of pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, respiratory infection, or other issues related to community-acquired pneumonia were selected for review. Two-hundred and fifteen patients were studied. Adherence to the hospital care protocol was: 11.2% for the initial recommended tests (chest X-ray and collection of sputum sample), 34.4% for blood cultures, and 92.1% for the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Pneumonia; Community; Treatment.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000500001
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Composition, Abundance and Richness of Sarcophagidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in Forests and Forest Gaps with Different Vegetation Cover Neotropical Entomology
Sousa,JRP de; Esposito,MC; Carvalho Filho,FS.
This study was carried out in the Base Operacional Geólogo Pedro de Moura (BOGPM) in the Urucu River Basin, Coari, state of Amazonas, Brazil, during April, June, and October 2007, in 16 areas, 4 in primary forests (environment MT) and 12 in gaps (environments C1, C2, and C3) at different stages of vegetation recovery, with different plant cover height. We collected 3,547 specimens of flesh flies. The 3,525 individuals identified to species level included 10 genera, 6 subgenera, and 23 species. Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann) (47.1%) and Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann) (19.1%) were the most abundant species. The abundance patterns and estimated richness differed between the environments, and were separated in two groups, one of the gaps (C1, C2, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Community; Ecology; Flesh fly; Anthropic impact.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2011000100003
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Composition and ecological patterns of snake assemblages in an Amazon-Cerrado Transition Zone in Brazil Iheringia, Sér. Zool.
Pinheiro,Leandra C.; Abe,Pedro S.; Bitar,Youszef O. C.; Albarelli,Luiz P. P.; Santos-Costa,Maria C..
ABSTRACT The present study encompasses the species composition and ecological characteristics of the snake community in a Cerrado-Amazon transition zone in Midwest of Brazil (state of Mato Grosso). The data were collected during six excursions to the "Tanguro" (study area) by visual encounter survey, pitfall traps with drift fences and non-systematic sampling. We collected 194 specimens, distributed in 34 species, 26 genera, and eight families. The most abundant species were Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758 (n = 50), Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) (n = 15), Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 (n = 13), Xenodon rabdocephalus (Wied, 1824) (n = 12), Lachesis muta (Linnaeus, 1766) (n = 10) and Erythrolamprus almadensis (Wagler, 1824) (n = 10)....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Squamata; Amazon rainforest; Savanna; Community; Ecotone.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212015000200147
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Diversity of Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) in Hudson, Argentina Neotropical Entomology
Centeno,Néstor; Almorza,David; Arnillas,Carlos.
Blowflies have sanitary and forensic importance, and different levels of association with human settlements (synanthropy). Therefore, specific diversity changes in each site could be used as an indicator of the anthropic impact. In this study, the community of Calliphoridae in Hudson (Argentina) was sampled in three sites with different degrees of Synanthropy (natural, rural and urban). Flies were attracted with bait and collected with an insect net. Twelve samples were collected in each site and both Simpson and Shannon diversity indexes were calculated. The Natural area was the most diverse. The other two areas showed no significant differences between them. The diversity was higher in the middle of spring and in late summer, and lower at the end of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Blowfly; Community; Species diversity; Synanthropy; Buenos Aires.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2004000300018
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Ecologia de comunidades das larvas de Trichoptera Kirby (Insecta) em dois córregos de primeira ordem da Serra dos Pireneus, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brasil Zoologia
Oliveira,Leandro Gonçalves; Bispo,Pitágoras da Conceição.
The Trichoptera fauna in two first-order streams of Serra dos Pireneus. Goiás State, was studied from June/1993 to July/1994. The Trichoptera larvae abundances were lower in the rainy season in the two streams. The temporal distributions of the functional groups (feeding categories) was similar in both streams. The ordination by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) detected a higher temporal heterogeneity of the Trichoptera community in one of the sampling stations, probably associated with higher discharge variation. There is a large variation of abundance of some genera between the two studied streams.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Trichoptera; Community; Stream; Feeding categories; Detrended correspondence analysis.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752001000400019
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Ecological aspects of the surf-zone ichthyofauna of Itamambuca Beach, Ubatuba, SP Biota Neotropica
Gondolo,Guilherme Fernandez; Mattox,George Mendes Taliaferro; Cunningham,Patricia Teresa Monteiro.
Sandy beaches are among the most extensive environments in Brazil and are generally threatened by disorderly urban growth due to their location along the coast, where human populations tend to concentrate. This is especially true in southeastern Brazil, where the largest urban areas are located. Thus, better knowledge regarding these natural resources is of considerable importance. The surf zone of sandy beaches is inhabited by a number of fish species, including juveniles seeking both food and shelter from predators. An ecological survey was conducted in the surf zone of Itamambuca beach in the city of Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, in order to evaluate the composition, structure and dynamics of the fish fauna using community descriptors. Diurnal and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Marine fish; Sandy beach; Community; West Atlantic; Seasonal; Diel cycle.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032011000200019
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Ecological strategies of Al-accumulating and non-accumulating functional groups from the cerrado sensu stricto Anais da ABC (AABC)
Souza,Marcelo C. de; Bueno,Paula C.P.; Morellato,Leonor P.C.; Habermann,Gustavo.
The cerrado's flora comprises aluminum-(Al) accumulating and non-accumulating plants, which coexist on acidic and Al-rich soils with low fertility. Despite their existence, the ecological importance or biological strategies of these functional groups have been little explored. We evaluated the leaf flushing patterns of both groups throughout a year; leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Al, total flavonoids and polyphenols; as well as the specific leaf area (SLA) on young and mature leaves within and between the groups. In Al-accumulating plants, leaf flushed throughout the year, mainly in May and September; for non-accumulating plants, leaf flushing peaked at the dry-wet seasons transition. However, these behaviors could not be associated with...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Aluminum; Community; Herbivory; Mineral nutrition; Phenology; Specific leaf area.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652015000200813
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Effects of habitat and landscape characteristics on medium and large mammal species richness and composition in northern Uruguay Rev. Bras. Zool.
Andrade-Núñez,María José; Aide,T. Mitchell.
The increasing world population and demand for food and other products has accelerated the conversion of natural habitats into agricultural lands, plantations and urban areas. Changes in habitat and landscape characteristics due to land-use change can have a significant effect on species presence, abundance, and distribution. Multi-scale approaches have been used to determine the proper spatial scales at which species and communities are responding to habitat transformation. In this context, we evaluated medium and large mammal species richness and composition in gallery forest (n = 10), grassland (n = 10), and exotic tree plantation (n = 10) in a region where grasslands have been converted into exotic tree plantations. We quantified mammal species...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Conservation; Community; Gallery forest; Grassland; Plantations.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702010000600012
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Elementos y condiciones para la formación de capital social multicomunitario en la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca: el caso de los pueblos unidos del rincón. Colegio de Postgraduados
Chávez López, Onésimo.
La presente investigación analiza las acciones colectivas en las zonas rurales, la importancia de su formación, reconstrucción y el colapso del capital social multicomunitario, haciendo hincapié en las experiencias de las comunidades del Rincón de la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca, México. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se realizaron recorridos de campo, revisiones documentales, entrevistas abiertas y a profundidad a los actores sociales. La investigación es de tipo cualitativo y centra su atención en: Organización Social y el Capital Social Comunitario. Los resultados reflejan que existe capacidad de asociación comunitaria y multicomunitaria para el logro de propósitos comunes como la autogestión de carreteras, la creación de cooperativas comunales y el...
Palavras-chave: Capital social; Comunidad; Organización Social; Autogestión; Pueblos Unidos del Rincón; Social capital; Community; Social Organization; Self Management; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/451
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